Sustained-release pellets of nifedipine using microcrystals combined with MCC-based matrix

The purpose of this study was to prepare sustained-release pellets of nifedipine (NSPs) based on MCC matrix. Wet-milling and extrusion-spheronization techniques were employed to prepare the microcrystals and pellets, respectively. The drug release mechanism and the influencing factors were investigated. After milled with HPMC (E5), the mean particle size of nifedipine in co-grinding mixture (CGM) was 5?μm, which is 15-fold smaller than that of raw material. DSC, X-ray powder diffraction and microscopic observation confirmed the microcrystals of drug were maintained in the CGM. With increased milling time and the content of HPMC, the dissolution rate was greatly enhanced compared with the raw material. The NSPs prepared by MCC and the CGM, which was obtained by cogrinding nifedipine with 5% HPMC solution for 210?min, exhibited sustained release pattern within 8?h. Nifedipine release from MCC-based NSPs followed the Korsmeyer model and closely related to the microstructure of pellet. High stability of NSPs was confirmed after 6 months of accelerated stability test. Using commercially available sustained product as reference, bioequivalence study in beagle dogs was executed and two formulations were bioequivalent. This sustained release pellet formulation of nifedipine was advantageous with convenient and easy scaled-up preparation process.     

进给速度对不同纤维方向CFRP铣削表面形貌的影响

采用金刚石涂层硬质合金铣刀对0°、45°、90°、135°4种纤维方向的碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)进行了顺铣加工试验。通过对铣削力和加工表面形貌的对比,分析了纤维方向和每转进给量对加工表面质量的影响。结果表明:主切削力随着每转进给量的增大而增大,0°方向纤维受到的主切削力最大,90°方向纤维受到的主切削力最小;0°方向纤维表面破碎树脂与纤维的残留随着每转进给量的增大而增多,135°方向纤维表面树脂粘附逐渐减小;90°方向纤维表面会有大小不同的微坑,同时在样件上、下表面易产生分层缺陷,45°方向纤维表面多呈现沟槽或波浪形形貌。     

地形探测器接地压力对铣刨机切深精度影响的ANFIS预测

基于自适应神经网络模糊推理系统(ANFIS),利用铣刨机切深精度测定试验获得的样本数据,建立了地形探测器限深轮接地压力、铣刨深度与铣刨机切深精度之间的映射关系,并进行了验证试验,结果表明了该预测方法的有效性,同时,也为不同铣刨深度下限深轮接地压力的选择提供了依据。     

电弧盘铣加工设计与实验分析

电弧加工因其高放电能量和非接触式加工的特点而在难加工材料去除方面得到了广泛的应用。为研究电弧盘铣加工的加工特性,提出一种基于正交实验的多目标参数优化方法。综合考虑了低转速、低电压条件下,电极转速、工件进给速度、电流、气压和进刀深度等因素对加工材料去除率和电极损耗率的影响,得出了在低转速、低电压条件下电弧盘铣加工多目标优化的最优加工参数组合,提高了电弧盘铣加工的应用性。研究结果为电弧盘铣加工参数的合理制定与加工工艺的优化提供了参考依据。     

基于ABAQUS/Explicit的铣削加工物理仿真技术研究

为预测铣削力,在ABAQUS/Explicit平台上建立了铣削加工物理仿真模型,以高速侧铣加工铝合金7050-T7451槽腔为例,仿真了铣削力,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明仿真铣削力与实际铣削力误差最大为20.89%,认为仿真模型可以代替大量的切削实验来获得不同加工参数和刀具参数下的铣削力。     

TC4钛合金化学铣切槽液调整与再生

目的研究钛合金腐蚀加工液中钛离子的去除方式,为化学铣切溶液的循环再生提供理论依据。方法向钛合金化学铣切溶液中加入沉淀剂去除过量钛离子,借助紫外分光光度计表征溶液中钛离子的去除效果,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪研究沉淀物的成分及其组织结构,通过调整滤液成分检测循环溶液的化学铣切能力。结果当钛合金化学铣切溶液中钛离子质量浓度达70~90 g/L时,金属离子导致溶液黏稠,溶液腐蚀加工性能变差,化学铣切溶液很难继续溶解钛合金。通过向该溶液中加入盐类物质,发现当加入氟化钾时,溶液中的钛离子去除率最高,可达90%以上。检测发现,经水洗干燥后的钛离子沉淀物为纯净的氟钛酸钾晶体。通过补加酸液和添加剂,溶液可重新恢复化铣性能,化学铣切速度和试样表面粗糙度均满足工业要求。结论钛合金化学铣切溶液通过沉淀钛离子再调整可循环使用,提高了化学铣切溶液的使用寿命,减少了污染物排放。     

微米级银粉微观结构分析

通过使用XRD方法对热分解方法和碱体系还原得到的微米级银粉微观结构分析,结果表明微米级银粉都是纳米级的银晶体颗粒组成,且为面心立方结构;银粉晶粒表现为各向异性;制粉条件会影响银粉晶粒尺寸,升高热分解温度促使晶粒变小,机械整形和磨制促使晶粒变小;制备的银粉存在晶格畸变,均表现为晶格膨胀;制粉条件会影响晶面的布拉格衍射强度,且对不同晶面的影响程度存在差异。     

超细片状银粉的制备技术研究进展

超细片状银粉比传统大尺寸银粉可更好地满足电子产品发展需求。对机械球磨法和化学还原法2种制备超细片状银粉方法进行了对比分析。球磨法产率高、成本低,但易引入杂质且技术指标难保持一致;化学法制备的银粉形貌粒径均一性高,但产率低。介绍了化学还原法的技术特点,对其生长机理进行了分析。提出对球磨工艺的深入研究,以及化学法中保持高品质银粉情况下提高反应体系浓度,是超细片状银粉制备技术的研究重点。     

铝合金6061-T6三维铣削加工有限元仿真及实验

为了获得6061-T6铝合金材料在铣削过程中铣削参数对铣刀切削性能的影响,使用有限元软件AdvantEdge建立有限元模型,研究了铣削深度、铣削宽度和主轴转速对切削力及温度的影响。根据仿真结果分析可得,铣削参数对切削力的影响铣削深度﹥铣削宽度﹥主轴转速;对温度的影响铣削宽度﹥铣削深度﹥主轴转速。通过实验对比,发现仿真结果与实验结果误差不超过30%,且切削力的走向基本一致,说明仿真结果是可信的。     

New observations on wear characteristics of solid Al2O3/Si3N4 ceramic tool in high speed milling of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies applied to the titanium alloys have attracted attention from industries in recent years. Despite one of the main goals of AM is the reduction of manufacturing steps, semi-finish/finish machining operations are still required so as to obtain the desired geometrical tolerance and surface features. In this study, the solid end mill was manufactured by Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄ (Sialon) ceramic materials and employed in high-speed slot milling of Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated by the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) AM technology to study the tool wear characteristics during processing. The Raman spectroscopic method was employed to characterize the molecular structures of Sialon ceramics for the manufacturing of the cutting tool. The morphologies and elemental maps of wear region of the ceramic tool were examined by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques. The results show that the adhesion wear and diffusion wear are the dominant wear mechanisms, and the chemical stability of Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄ (Sialon) ceramics fabricated as the solid ceramic tool to the attack of the atoms from additive manufactured Ti6Al4V is relatively weak under the atmosphere. The difference of thermal expansion coefficients of diffusion layer and tool substrate accelerates the initiation and propagation of thermal cracks formed on the diffusion interface. Moreover, fracturing and crater-like groves near the tool edge were finally formed due to the removal of adhered workpiece material.